Advanced in Business and Managment Science

An Open Access Peer Reviewed International Journal
Publication Frequency- Quarterly
Publisher Name-APEC Publisher

ISSN (Online)- 3105-2010
Country of Origin-South Africa
Language- English

Tourism’s Contribution to Local Community Livelihoods: A Mixed-Methods Study of Tsumeb Constituency, Namibia

This study investigates the contribution of tourism to the livelihoods of community members in Tsumeb constituency, Oshikoto region, Namibia, using a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design. Quantitative data were collected from 300 respondents via questionnaire surveys using cluster sampling, while qualitative data were gathered through 30 in-depth face-to-face interviews using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis in SPSS and thematic analysis in NVivo. Findings demonstrate that tourism is essential for local livelihoods, directly creating job opportunities, increasing marketing opportunities, and enhancing educational prospects. The study reveals that 72% of respondents are employed in the tourism industry, with regression analysis showing a statistically significant positive relationship between tourism and livelihoods (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.001). Indirect benefits emerge through employment multipliers, where tourism employees support non-employed community members. While most individuals report improved livelihoods, benefits are unevenly distributed, with business owners gaining disproportionately more than service staff. The study recommends that the Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism actively involve local small and medium enterprises through public-private partnerships and enhance marketing through international business expos and local media to increase inclusive participation.

Tourism’s Contribution to Local Community Livelihoods: A Mixed-Methods Study of Tsumeb Constituency, Namibia

Keywords

Tourism livelihoods Local communities Spillover effects Namibia.

Authors

Twindileni V. T. Nghaamwa Development Studies University of Namibia (UNAM) Oshakati Campus Namibia
Dr. Emmanuel M. Nyankweli Development Studies University of Namibia (UNAM) Oshakati Campus Namibia

Abstract

This study investigates the contribution of tourism to the livelihoods of community members in Tsumeb constituency, Oshikoto region, Namibia, using a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design. Quantitative data were collected from 300 respondents via questionnaire surveys using cluster sampling, while qualitative data were gathered through 30 in-depth face-to-face interviews using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis in SPSS and thematic analysis in NVivo. Findings demonstrate that tourism is essential for local livelihoods, directly creating job opportunities, increasing marketing opportunities, and enhancing educational prospects. The study reveals that 72% of respondents are employed in the tourism industry, with regression analysis showing a statistically significant positive relationship between tourism and livelihoods (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.001). Indirect benefits emerge through employment multipliers, where tourism employees support non-employed community members. While most individuals report improved livelihoods, benefits are unevenly distributed, with business owners gaining disproportionately more than service staff. The study recommends that the Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism actively involve local small and medium enterprises through public-private partnerships and enhance marketing through international business expos and local media to increase inclusive participation.

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