Wearable Biosensors in Remote Patient Monitoring: Innovations, Integration, and Future Implications

Wearable biosensors have revolutionized remote patient monitoring (RPM) by enabling real-time, continuous tracking of physiological and biochemical parameters. This comprehensive review examines technological innovations, clinical integration challenges, and future directions in wearable biosensor applications for RPM. We analyze advancements in flexible electronics, biomarker detection technologies, and machine learning integration that have enhanced the accuracy and usability of these devices. Clinical evidence demonstrates significant improvements in chronic disease management, postoperative recovery, and preventive healthcare through continuous monitoring of vital signs, glucose levels, cortisol, and other biomarkers. Despite promising outcomes, persistent challenges include signal accuracy in dynamic conditions, data security vulnerabilities, regulatory fragmentation, and health equity disparities. Next-generation innovations such as smart tattoos, microneedle arrays, and nanotechnology-enhanced implants show potential for minimally invasive monitoring. Successful implementation requires addressing technical limitations, establishing interoperable frameworks, and developing standardized regulatory pathways. As wearable biosensors evolve toward multifunctional, AI-driven platforms, they hold transformative potential for personalized, predictive healthcare reducing hospitalizations by 30-50% and improving patient outcomes across diverse clinical contexts.