Gingival Fibromatosis

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive, benign gingival overgrowth. This review synthesizes current knowledge on HGF’s etiology, clinical impact, and management strategies, with a focus on pediatric patients. Primarily caused by autosomal dominant mutations in genes like SOS1, HGF presents significant functional and aesthetic challenges, including difficulties in mastication, speech, and maintenance of oral hygiene, which heightens the risk of dental caries and periodontitis. Diagnosis requires differentiation from other gingival enlargements and often involves genetic counseling. While surgical intervention via gingivectomy remains the primary treatment to reduce tissue bulk, high recurrence rates are a major concern. Effective long-term management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, combining surgical care with rigorous oral hygiene and psychological support due to the condition’s impact on self-esteem. This review underscores the necessity of early diagnosis, patient education, and further research into targeted therapies to improve quality of life for affected individuals.