Many cities in Africa, dealing with the environmental costs of rapid growth of population and urbanization represents a phenomenal change. Gambella town is characterized by rapid population growth caused by natural increase and migration from rural areas. Furthermore, this rapid increase in population together with rapid development of the town in term of economic, construction as well as social lifestyle has produced increasing volumes of solid waste in Gambella town. The purpose of this study was to assess the solid waste and its management challenges in Gambella town. A simple random sampling technique was applied for sample size selection of 150 households. The data were collected through both primary and secondary sources. The analysis of this study was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science. The finding further showed that lack of awareness, improper waste disposal and insufficient household storage was found to be very low in study area. Integrated solid waste management systems which combine a range of solid waste treatment like source of reduction, composing, recycling and waste energy transformation is needed. Moreover, institutional factors such as solid waste facilities and equipment, manpower, rules and regulations, and accessibility to the waste collectors determine the challenge of solid waste management among sample households of this study. Since there are no studies made on rate of solid waste generation and its management further study is needed, generally household solid waste management of the town is poor and then timely measures must be taken.