Waste-to-Wealth Supply Chains: Blockchain-Enabled Circular Models for Agri-Food Startups in Eastern Africa

Agri-food startups in Eastern Africa face the dual challenge of managing organic waste and enhancing supply chain efficiency. This paper explores the integration of blockchain technology in circular economy models to convert agricultural waste into valuable resources. Termed ‘waste-to-wealth’ supply chains, these models leverage blockchain to ensure transparency, traceability, and stakeholder trust. Through case studies in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania, the research demonstrates how blockchain-enhanced circular supply chains reduce environmental impacts, promote resource optimization, and create economic opportunities for rural communities. The findings offer strategic insights for policy-makers and entrepreneurs aiming to build resilient, low-waste agri-food systems.